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27 Shocking Facts About How To Drill Holes In Hardened Steel | How to drill through hardened steel?
- If drilling with hand tools, drop a liberal amount of cutting fluid/ lubricant onto the marked metal. If you are using a coolant delivery system, set that up as per the manufacturer’s guidelines. Coolant can be sprayed, dripped, or flooded, but it is important to use a liberal amount and that there is good contact between the fluid and the tool interface. Using cutting fluid will help to clear the swarf away from the drill bit to reduce the risk of becoming friction welded and reduces work hardening. We recommend the use of CT-90 metal cutting and tapping fluid which is available to buy here. - Source: Internet
- When it comes to drilling through stainless steel, speed and feed are critical considerations. As we’ve mentioned before, if your drill’s RPM is too high, the material will heat up and harden. When it comes to cutting steel, less is often more – with slower drilling speeds producing better results. It is, however, crucial that you maintain the surface footage per minute (SFM). - Source: Internet
- Stainless steel is robust, hard-wearing and corrosion resistant – which is why it’s such a popular material for manufacturers. You’ll find stainless steel used in almost every sector, including construction, automotive, transportation and consumer goods. The properties that make stainless steel so attractive also make it challenging to work with. Drilling through stainless steel requires the right machinery, the right tools and the right approach. In this guide, we describe how to drill stainless steel and stay safe. - Source: Internet
- When working with stainless steel, it’s advisable to drill in stages. This stop-start approach reduces the build-up of heat and allows both the tool and the material to cool down. Depending on the required hole diameter, you may drill in stages, using progressively larger drill bits until you achieve the desired result. - Source: Internet
- HSS drill bits are a different shape and made from different materials to those used to cut through wood or stone. There is a variety of HSS sharp drill bits with various designations. Here’s an explanation of what they mean: - Source: Internet
- Begin by clearing your workspace to ensure there is nothing that may catch in the drill when you start working. Make sure you have everything to hand so you can concentrate on getting the job done without interruption. This is a good time to set up your drill and ensure all cables are in good condition. - Source: Internet
- The best drill bit to drill hardened steel is Tungsten Carbide Tipped hole saw cutters. Thanks to their properties they can easily cut through stainless steel without damaging the surface. Sintered and finished carbide has a combination of compressive strength, extreme hot hardness at high temperatures, and resistance to abrasion, corrosion, and thermal shock. These are an important factors in drilling hard materials because the friction of metal against metal can produce high temperatures. That damage the material or the drill bit. - Source: Internet
- Stainless steel isn’t the hardest metal around, but it is challenging to work with. The biggest issue is the risk of work hardening. If the cutting speed of the drill is too high and the feed is too slow, the heat generated can harden the material – making cutting more difficult. - Source: Internet
- To be able to drill hardened steel with these drill bits you really need a pillar drill set to it’s fastest speed. Here we are drilling through a bearing race, which is a very tough form of hardened steel. Ensure that the work piece is securely clamped. Safety glasses or goggles should be worn when drilling. - Source: Internet
- Helix angle. The helix angle refers to the angle of the flutes to the face of the metal being drilled. The correct helix angle is important to ensure swarf moves from the excavated hole cleanly as the greater the helix angle, the smaller the capacity of the flute zone. - Source: Internet
- Feed rates can be high when drilling stainless steel. Not only will this increase the effectiveness of the tool, but it will also more effectively evacuate chips. It’s important to ensure that the feed rate is maintained and that you regularly check that heat isn’t building up in the material or the tool. If it is, then be sure to give it time to cool down. - Source: Internet
- The drill bits look like masonry drill bits but they are much tougher. Here is a kit containing 8 drill bits, the cost of which is about £40 Some cobalt drills can also drill through hardened steel. You can also drill hardened steel with solid carbide bits but they are very expensive and brittle - Source: Internet
- Keeping the drill bit cool and lubricated will drastically improve the quality and integrity of the drilling operation. Using a proprietary cutting or cutting and tapping fluid reduces the friction created during drilling processes which lessens the severity of work hardening. Keeping the cut edge and the drill bit well lubricated also reduces cutting time, improves the surface finish, and prolongs the life of the drill bit. For best results, it is recommended to provide a continuous supply of coolant/ lubricant to the bit and workpiece throughout the drilling operation; if this is not possible, stopping and manually applying the fluid to both the bit and the cut edge will also work well. - Source: Internet
- To drill through stainless steel, you need an HSS (High-Speed Steel) drill bit. HSS drill bits have sharp edges that can cut into the tough metal. To cut into hardened stainless steel, you will require a drill bit with a large point angle of at least 130 degrees. - Source: Internet
- Cobalt drill bits and reamers are specifically engineered to provide heavy-duty performance on high tensile metals; these are manufactured from a steel alloy with between 5% to 8 % cobalt content. The 5% cobalt alloy is designated as M35 grade and the 8% alloy is graded as M42. Cobalt increases the strength of the parent alloy and significantly increases its heat resistant properties; these are two very strong considerations when drilling stainless steel as heat resistance to friction created during operation will reduce the work hardening rate, and the additional strength will protect against bit breakage and flank and crater wear. Flank wear is when the part of the bit in contact with the workpiece wears away, crater wear is when the metal from the drill bit becomes diffused into the swarf. - Source: Internet
- Coolant is used to keep cutter cool. During drilling through stainless steel heat is absorbed into hole cutters. Due to generated extreme heat, cutters quickly become dull or softened. Its recommended to place a few drops of cutting oil on the surface of the stainless steel before beginning to drill. Periodically add more oil drops, until you have drilled completely through the stainless steel. - Source: Internet
- Steel has low thermal conductivity, which means heat doesn’t dissipate quickly. This can lead to heat building up on the cutting edge, which can cause damage and deterioration. The strength of the material makes it resistant to chipping, which can lead to a build-up of material around the edges of holes, lessening their strength. Stainless steel is also highly ductile, which means it stretches more than other metals, making it harder for the bit to remove chips. - Source: Internet
- Keep an eye on chips. When they are gold or blue, the drilling machine is running too fast. Drill swarf should come off in long spirals, not small chips. - Source: Internet
- The correct PPE is of paramount importance when drilling; chips and swarf are sharp and travel at speed so make sure your eyes are well protected. If you wear prescription glasses make sure you wear additional goggles designed to wear over the top as regular glasses will not provide adequate protection. Gloves are not recommended when drilling as they pose a risk to becoming entangled in the drill; the extreme forces, rotation, and speed encountered when drilling can easily break a finger or wrist. Ear defenders are recommended to protect your hearing, exposure to loud machining noise can permanently damage your hearing and contribute to developing tinnitus. You can browse our full range of PPE products here. - Source: Internet
- Con - Sharp tip and fine edges can chip easily and ruin drill bit. Not for hand drills. Expensive! - Source: Internet
- When drilling stainless steel, one of the best indicators of whether the speed, pressure and feed rates are correct is to watch the swarf; the swarf should cleanly exit the hole and be helical in shape and short in length. Stainless swarf should resemble the original colour of the stock metal or have a yellow tinge to it. If it is darker or not helical, back the drill out, apply more coolant and check your machine settings. Then simply try again. - Source: Internet
- At R.D. Barrett we stock a huge selection of drill bits for cutting through all materials, including stainless steel. You can view a selection of our tools online, or give us a call. We’re able to source drill bits and machine tools from a huge variety of manufacturers for all applications. - Source: Internet
- Different metals place different demands on a metal drill. So that workpieces or components made of metal can be drilled precisely and safely, a suitable drill bit must be selected. In general, drills made of High-Speed Steel (HSS) are best suited here, as they are available in a variety of designs for different metals but are also manufactured from highly alloyed tool steel that is particularly robust and resistant. As a result, the drills remain dimensionally stable even at temperatures of more than 600° Celsius and enable metal drilling at a cutting speed up to four times higher than drills made of ordinary tool steel. - Source: Internet
- Web thickness. The web thickness should preferably be a minimum of 1/8 of the drill diameter. The web is the central shaft of the bit that the flutes project from. The web supports the drill as it penetrates the metal being drilled, if this is too thin the bit may snap. - Source: Internet
- Hardened steel is one of the hardest metals known to man, whilst it is very hard it is also brittle and is not ductile like regular mild steel. Whilst it is possible to cut hardened steel easily using an abrasive disk in a angle grinder it is much more difficult to drill. Drilling hardened steel with a normal drill but will not work as the material you are drilling is tougher than the drill bit itself. - Source: Internet
- Rule 1: When drilling metal, enormous forces act in the direction of drilling and rotation. To drill metal workpieces safely, they must therefore always be firmly clamped. For this purpose, vices, clamping ratchets, and screw clamps are suitable for secure fixing on a workbench. You should ensure that workpieces are secured both vertically and horizontally—drill stands, and special machine vices are ideal for this, to safely and precisely maintain a working angle of 90°, which ensures that the hole is not torn out or drilled at an angle into a piece of metal. - Source: Internet
- Lip relief angle. The lip relief angle refers to the angle at the outer corner of the lip and is responsible for supporting the cutting edge in contact with the metal. This lip relief angle is determined by the angle of the point; a smaller point angle means more web is presented to the workpiece, so the bit would need a bigger lip angle to support the cutting edge. The size of the lip angle increases as the drill diameter decreases. If the drill tip does not have an adequate lip relief angle then the cut will be poor, even if the bit is sharp, and will ultimately result in excessive wear and binding during operation. - Source: Internet
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